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Copper Compound Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis of Glioma Cells by Reactive Oxygen Species and JNK Activation

Copper Compound Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis of Glioma Cells by Reactive Oxygen Species and JNK Activation

Cristina Trejo-Solís, Dolores Jimenez-Farfan, Sara Rodriguez-Enriquez, Francisca Fernandez-Valverde, Arturo Cruz-Salgado, Lena Ruiz-Azuara, Julio Sotelo

BMC Cancer. 2012 Apr 27;12:156.

PMID: 22540380

Abstract:

Background:
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive of the primary brain tumors, with a grim prognosis despite intensive treatment. In the past decades, progress in research has not significantly increased overall survival rate.
Methods:
The in vitro antineoplastic effect and mechanism of action of Casiopeina III-ia (Cas III-ia), a copper compound, on rat malignant glioma C6 cells was investigated.
Results:
Cas III-ia significantly inhibited cell proliferation, inducing autophagy and apoptosis, which correlated with the formation of autophagic vacuoles, overexpression of LC3, Beclin 1, Atg 7, Bax and Bid proteins. A decrease was detected in the mitochondrial membrane potential and in the activity of caspase 3 and 8, together with the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased activity of c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). The presence of 3-methyladenine (as selective autophagy inhibitor) increased the antineoplastic effect of Cas III-ia, while Z-VAD-FMK only showed partial protection from the antineoplastic effect induced by Cas III-ia, and ROS antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine) decreased apoptosis, autophagy and JNK activity. Moreover, the JNK -specific inhibitor SP600125 prevented Cas III-ia-induced cell death.
Conclusions:
Our data suggest that Cas III-ia induces cell death by autophagy and apoptosis, in part due to the activation of ROS -dependent JNK signaling. These findings support further studies of Cas III-ia as candidate for treatment of human malignant glioma.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP285570607	Caspase-3 Inhibitor III - CAS 285570-60-7		285570-60-7	Price
AP634911801	Caspase Inhibitor III - CAS 634911-80-1		634911-80-1	Price

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