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AhR-agonistic, Anti-Androgenic, and Anti-Estrogenic Potencies of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) as Determined by in Vitro Bioassays and Gene Expression Profiling

AhR-agonistic, Anti-Androgenic, and Anti-Estrogenic Potencies of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) as Determined by in Vitro Bioassays and Gene Expression Profiling

Ad Peijnenburg, Jenneke Riethof-Poortman, Hakan Baykus, Liza Portier, Toine Bovee, Ron Hoogenboom

Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Sep;24(6):1619-28.

PMID: 20558275

Abstract:

2-Isopropylthioxanthone (2-ITX) has been widely used as a photoinitiator in printing ink of packaging materials. A few years ago, this compound got special attention since it was detected in milk and fruit drinks. Since little is known about possible effects of this compound on human health, studies were initiated to investigate its properties, starting with in vitro studies. Structural similarities between ITX and the AhR-agonists 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and furanocoumarins, prompted us to investigate whether ITX could have the potency to activate the AhR. ITX showed a clear response in the DR CALUX bioassay and also induced EROD activity in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Microarray studies in these cells showed a gene expression profile similar to that of TCDD. Moreover, using yeast-based estrogen and androgen bioassays, it was demonstrated that ITX, but not TCDD, has potential anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties. The observed in vitro effects warrant further in vivo studies for confirmation and hazard characterization.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP5495841	2-Isopropylthioxanthone		5495-84-1	Price

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