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Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Amene Saghazadeh, Bahar Ataeinia, Kimia Keynejad, Amirhussein Abdolalizadeh, Armin Hirbod-Mobarakeh, Nima Rezaei

Cytokine. 2019 Nov;123:154740.

PMID: 31228728

Abstract:

Background:
In the search for the causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), inflammatory markers have emerged as potential candidates. The present meta-analysis was performed on studies examining circulating concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines in people with ASD compared with control subjects without ASD.
Methods:
We identified potentially eligible studies by systematically searching electronic databases from inception to February 2018.
Results:
Twenty-five studies with a total of 1754 participants (1022 patients with ASD and 732 control subjects) were included in the mate-analysis; 4 for interferon (IFN)-α, 9 for interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (Ra), 9 for IL-4, 6 for IL-5, 3 for IL-9, 14 for IL-10, 7 for IL-13, and 6 for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. We found a moderate decrease in plasma levels of IL-10 (SMD = -0.59) and a small decrease in serum levels of IL-1Ra (SMD = -0.25) in patients with ASD. On the contrary, serum IL-5 levels were slightly increased (SMD = 0.26) in these patients. We conducted meta-regression analyses to investigate the possible effect of moderatos on the effect size (ES) of difference in mean levels of IL-10. Difference in the mean age between patients and controls showed a negative influence on the ES and was able to explain about 0.4 of total between-study variance. In contrast, latitude exerted a positive effect on the ES and explained a lower proportion (0.1) of total between-study variance.
Conclusions:
This meta-analysis provides evidence for the lower concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1Ra in autistic patients compared with control subjects. Also, meta-regression analyses point to the interaction of latitude, age, and gender with peripheral alterations of associated anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP919091637	RA-9		919091-63-7	Price

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