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Arylquin 1, a Potent Par-4 Secretagogue, Induces Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization-Mediated Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells

Arylquin 1, a Potent Par-4 Secretagogue, Induces Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization-Mediated Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells

Kyoung-Jin Min, Sk Abrar Shahriyar, Taeg Kyu Kwon

Toxicol Res. 2019 Nov 21;36(2):167-173.

PMID: 32257929

Abstract:

Arylquin 1, a small-molecule prostate-apoptosis-response-4 (Par-4) secretagogue, targets vimentin to induce Par-4 secretion. Secreted Par-4 binds to its receptor, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), on the cancer cell surface and induces apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of arylquin 1 in cancer cell death. Arylquin 1 induces morphological changes (cell body shrinkage and cell detachment) and decreases cell viability in various cancer cells. Arylquin 1-induced cell death is not inhibited by apoptosis inhibitors (z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor), necroptosis inhibitors (necrostatin-1), and paraptosis inhibitors. Furthermore, arylquin 1 significantly induces reactive oxygen species levels, but antioxidants [N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione ethyl ester] do not inhibit arylquin 1-induced cell death. Furthermore, Par-4 knock-down by small interfering RNA confers no effect on cytotoxicity in arylquin 1-treated cells. Interestingly, arylquin 1 induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), and cathepsin inhibitors and overexpression of 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) markedly prevent arylquin 1-induced cell death. Therefore, our results suggest that arylquin 1 induces non-apoptotic cell death in cancer cells through the induction of LMP.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP1630743735	Arylquin 1		1630743-73-5	Price

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