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Chloride Flux in Phagocytes

Chloride Flux in Phagocytes

Guoshun Wang

Immunol Rev. 2016 Sep;273(1):219-31.

PMID: 27558337

Abstract:

Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, engulf microbes into phagosomes and launch chemical attacks to kill and degrade them. Such a critical innate immune function necessitates ion participation. Chloride, the most abundant anion in the human body, is an indispensable constituent of the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2 O2 -halide system that produces the potent microbicide hypochlorous acid (HOCl). It also serves as a balancing ion to set membrane potentials, optimize cytosolic and phagosomal pH, and regulate phagosomal enzymatic activities. Deficient supply of this anion to or defective attainment of this anion by phagocytes is linked to innate immune defects. However, how phagocytes acquire chloride from their residing environment especially when they are deployed to epithelium-lined lumens, and how chloride is intracellularly transported to phagosomes remain largely unknown. This review article will provide an overview of chloride protein carriers, potential mechanisms for phagocytic chloride preservation and acquisition, intracellular chloride supply to phagosomes for oxidant production, and methods to measure chloride levels in phagocytes and their phagosomes.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP6920350	DL-Hexanoylcarnitine chloride		6920-35-0	Price
CS353721	Mepiquat-d16 chloride			Price

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