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Determination of Fragrance Allergens and Their Dermal Sensitization Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) in 107 Spray Perfumes

Determination of Fragrance Allergens and Their Dermal Sensitization Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) in 107 Spray Perfumes

Duck Soo Lim, Seul Min Choi, Kyu-Bong Kim, Kyungsil Yoon, Sam Kacew, Hyung Sik Kim, Byung-Mu Lee

J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2018;81(22):1173-1185.

PMID: 30415634

Abstract:

Cutaneous allergy occurs primarily as a result of using cosmetic, household, and laundry products available on the market that contain fragrances. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method for quantification of 25 fragrance allergens (amyl cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl cinnamate, benzyl salicylate, citronellol, cinnamyl alcohol, citral, coumarin, eugenol, farnesol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, HICC (4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboaldehyde), isoeugenol, isoeugenyl acetate, lilial (butyl phenyl methyl propional), limonene, linalool, methyl 2-octynoate, etc.). In addition, an exposure-based quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was performed to determine safe levels of fragrance ingredients in 107 perfumes. In 76 women's and 31 men's fragrances, 25 allergens were identified at concentrations ranging from undetectable (N.D.) to 8,997.68 mg/kg, and from N.D. to 17,352.34 mg/kg, respectively. An exposure-based sensitization QRA revealed that the ratios of acceptable exposure level (AEL) to consumer exposure level (CEL) of fragrance ingredients were greater than 1, suggesting an absence of skin sensitizing potential. However, the maximum level used in the exposure scenario was determined by the product purpose and application type, and AEL/CEL ratios of lilial, HICC, citral, isoeugenol, and methyl 2-octynoate analyzed in women's perfume were 0.53, 0.67 0.19, 0.13, and 0.57, respectively. As the ratios of AEL:CEL of these fragrance ingredients were below 1, the utilization of these potential skin sensitizers is not considered safe. Our findings indicate that the sensitization risk of allergens with AEL:CEL ratios below 1 detected in fragrances needs to be reduced to the appropriate human safety level for risk management.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	CAS Number	Price
AP103413	Benzyl cinnamate	103-41-3	Price
AP107755	Hydroxycitronellal	107-75-5	Price
AP111126	Methyl 2-octynoate	111-12-6	Price
AP93298	Isoeugenyl acetate	93-29-8	Price

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