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Effect of Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy and High-Dose Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid and Acetyl-Isoniazid

Effect of Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy and High-Dose Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid and Acetyl-Isoniazid

Maxwell T Chirehwa, Helen McIlleron, Lubbe Wiesner, Dissou Affolabi, Oumou Bah-Sow, Corinne Merle, Paolo Denti, RAFA team

J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Jan 1;74(1):139-148.

PMID: 30239829

Abstract:

Objectives:
To describe the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and acetyl-isoniazid in TB/HIV-coinfected patients, and assess the effects of efavirenz co-administration and a 50% increase in the dose of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid and acetyl-isoniazid.
Methods:
TB/HIV-coinfected patients participating in the three-treatment-arm RAFA randomized controlled trial conducted in West Africa were recruited into the pharmacokinetics sub-study. Five serial blood samples were collected on a single visit between 4 and 8 weeks after initiation of antituberculosis treatment. Concentration-time data for isoniazid and acetyl-isoniazid were analysed using non-linear mixed-effects models.
Results:
Isoniazid concentrations from 150 patients were available for analysis, and 79 of these (53%) also had concentrations of acetyl-isoniazid. Isoniazid pharmacokinetics was best described with a two-compartment disposition model with lagged first-order absorption and elimination using a semi-mechanistic model describing hepatic extraction. The model identified two elimination pathways, separating formation of acetyl-isoniazid from other routes of metabolism. The predicted AUC0-24 is reduced by 29% in patients who are fast acetylators of isoniazid and receiving efavirenz-based ART (6.73 versus 4.68 mg·h/L). In slow acetylators, efavirenz-based ART had no effect on isoniazid exposure (AUC0-24 = 17.5 mg·h/L).
Conclusions:
Efavirenz-based ART affects the acetylation metabolic pathway amongst rapid acetylators, resulting in reduced exposure to isoniazid. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and acetyl-isoniazid were not influenced by the 50% increase in rifampicin dose.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP54853-A	Isoniazid		54-85-3	Price

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