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Endogenous HMGB1 Regulates Autophagy

Endogenous HMGB1 Regulates Autophagy

Daolin Tang, Rui Kang, Kristen M Livesey, Chun-Wei Cheh, Adam Farkas, Patricia Loughran, George Hoppe, Marco E Bianchi, Kevin J Tracey, Herbert J Zeh 3rd, Michael T Lotze

J Cell Biol. 2010 Sep 6;190(5):881-92.

PMID: 20819940

Abstract:

Autophagy clears long-lived proteins and dysfunctional organelles and generates substrates for adenosine triphosphate production during periods of starvation and other types of cellular stress. Here we show that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a chromatin-associated nuclear protein and extracellular damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is a critical regulator of autophagy. Stimuli that enhance reactive oxygen species promote cytosolic translocation of HMGB1 and thereby enhance autophagic flux. HMGB1 directly interacts with the autophagy protein Beclin1 displacing Bcl-2. Mutation of cysteine 106 (C106), but not the vicinal C23 and C45, of HMGB1 promotes cytosolic localization and sustained autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation by agents such as ethyl pyruvate limits starvation-induced autophagy. Moreover, the intramolecular disulfide bridge (C23/45) of HMGB1 is required for binding to Beclin1 and sustaining autophagy. Thus, endogenous HMGB1 is a critical pro-autophagic protein that enhances cell survival and limits programmed apoptotic cell death.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP617356	Ethyl pyruvate		617-35-6	Price

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