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Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Calcium Silicate Cements Containing Different Radiopacifiers

Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Calcium Silicate Cements Containing Different Radiopacifiers

J Camilleri, M G Gandolfi

Int Endod J. 2010 Jan;43(1):21-30.

PMID: 19891720

Abstract:

Aim:
To identify the suitable ratio of alternative radiopacifiers to impart the necessary radiopacity to calcium silicate cements (CSC) and assess the purity of the radiopacifying agents.
Methodology:
Alternative radiopacifying materials for incorporation into CSC included barium sulphate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, gold powder and silver/tin alloy. The chemical composition of the alternative radipacifying materials and bismuth oxide, which is used in mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), was determined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. In addition, using an aluminium step-wedge and densitometer, the radiopacity of each material was evaluated as recommended by international standards. The optical density was compared with the relevant thickness of aluminium (Al). A commercial MTA and CSC were used as controls. Statistical analysis comparing the radiodensity of the different cements to MTA was performed using anova with P = 0.05 and post hoc Tukey test.
Results:
All percentage replacements of bismuth oxide, gold and silver-tin alloy powder, and the 25% and 30% replacements with barium sulphate and zinc oxide had radiopacities greater than 3 mm thickness of aluminium (Al) recommended by ISO 6876 (2002). The 25% replacement of cement with gold powder and 20% replacement of cement with silver/tin alloy powder exhibited radiopacity values of 8.04 mm Al and 7.52 mm Al, respectively, similar to MTA (P > 0.05). The cement replaced with 20% bismuth oxide showed a radiopacity of 6.83 mm Al, lower than MTA (P = 0.003).
Conclusions:
Silver/tin alloy and gold powder imparted the necessary radiopacity to a calcium silicate-based cement. Barium sulphate was also a suitable radiopacifier together with a lower concentration of silver/tin alloy and gold powder that achieved the radiodensity recommended by ISO 6876. Further research is required to investigate the broader properties of the calcium silicate-based cement with the different radiopacifiers.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
LS76617	Silver-tin alloy			Price

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