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Evolution and Classification of the CRISPR-Cas Systems

Evolution and Classification of the CRISPR-Cas Systems

Kira S Makarova, Daniel H Haft, Rodolphe Barrangou, Stan J J Brouns, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Philippe Horvath, Sylvain Moineau, Francisco J M Mojica, Yuri I Wolf, Alexander F Yakunin, John van der Oost, etc.

Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Jun;9(6):467-77.

PMID: 21552286

Abstract:

The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) modules are adaptive immunity systems that are present in many archaea and bacteria. These defence systems are encoded by operons that have an extraordinarily diverse architecture and a high rate of evolution for both the cas genes and the unique spacer content. Here, we provide an updated analysis of the evolutionary relationships between CRISPR-Cas systems and Cas proteins. Three major types of CRISPR-Cas system are delineated, with a further division into several subtypes and a few chimeric variants. Given the complexity of the genomic architectures and the extremely dynamic evolution of the CRISPR-Cas systems, a unified classification of these systems should be based on multiple criteria. Accordingly, we propose a 'polythetic' classification that integrates the phylogenies of the most common cas genes, the sequence and organization of the CRISPR repeats and the architecture of the CRISPR-cas loci.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP154589965-B	Stauprimide - CAS 154589-96-5		154589-96-5	Price

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