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Flavanone Glycosides Inhibit β-site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 and Cholinesterase and Reduce Aβ Aggregation in the Amyloidogenic Pathway

Flavanone Glycosides Inhibit β-site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 and Cholinesterase and Reduce Aβ Aggregation in the Amyloidogenic Pathway

Md Yousof Ali, Susoma Jannat, Najmeh Edraki, Sucharita Das, Won Kyu Chang, Hyun Chul Kim, Seong Kyu Park, Mun Seog Chang

Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Aug 25;309:108707.

PMID: 31194956

Abstract:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slow but progressive neurodegenerative disease. One of the pathological hallmarks of AD is the progressive accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques, and Aβ insult to neuronal cells has been identified as one of the major causes of AD onset. In the present study, we investigated the anti-AD potential of four flavonoids, naringenin, didymin, prunin, and poncirin, by evaluating their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). All four flavonoids displayed promising inhibitory activity against AChE, BChE, and BACE1. Structure-activity relationships suggested that glycosylation of naringenin at sugar moieties, and at different positions of the glycosidic linkage, might be closely associated with anti-AD potential. Kinetic and docking studies showed the lowest binding energy and highest affinity for the mixed, competitive, and non-competitive type inhibitors didymin, prunin, and poncirin. Hydrophobic interactions and the number of hydrogen bonds determined the strength of the protein-inhibitor interaction. We also examined the neuroprotective mechanisms by which flavonoids act against Aβ25-35-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells to 10 μM Aβ25-35 for 24 h resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability. In addition, pretreatment of PC12 cells with different concentrations of flavonoids for 1 h significantly reversed the effects of Aβ. Furthermore, treatment with the most active flavonoid, didymin, significantly reduced BACE1, APPsβ, and C99 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels in the amyloidogenic pathway. Together, our results indicate that flavonoids, and in particular didymin, exhibit inhibitory activity in vitro, and may be useful in the development of therapeutic modalities for the treatment of AD.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP14259473	Didymin		14259-47-3	Price

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