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Formation of Chlorinated Breakdown Products During Degradation of Sunscreen Agent, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate in the Presence of Sodium Hypochlorite

Formation of Chlorinated Breakdown Products During Degradation of Sunscreen Agent, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate in the Presence of Sodium Hypochlorite

Alicja Gackowska, Maciej Przybyłek, Waldemar Studziński, Jerzy Gaca

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Jan;23(2):1886-97.

PMID: 26408113

Abstract:

In this study, a new degradation path of sunscreen active ingredient, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (MCA) in the presence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), was discussed. The reaction products were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Since HOCl treatment leads to more polar products than EHMC, application of polar extracting agents, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate/n-hexane mixture, gave better results in terms of chlorinated breakdown products identification than n-hexane. Reaction of EHMC with HOCl lead to the formation of C=C bridge cleavage products such as 2-ethylhexyl chloroacetate, 1-chloro-4-methoxybenzene, 1,3-dichloro-2-methoxybenzene, and 3-chloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. High reactivity of C=C bond attached to benzene ring is also characteristic for MCA, since it can be converted in the presence of HOCl to 2,4-dichlorophenole, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3-dichloro-2-methoxybenzene, 1,2,4-trichloro-3-methoxybenzene, 2,4,6-trichlorophenole, and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyacetophenone. Surprisingly, in case of EHMC/HOCl/UV, much less breakdown products were formed compared to non-UV radiation treatment. In order to describe the nature of EHMC and MCA degradation, local reactivity analysis based on the density functional theory (DFT) was performed. Fukui function values showed that electrophilic attack of HOCl to the C=C bridge in EHMC and MCA is highly favorable (even more preferable than phenyl ring chlorination). This suggests that HOCl electrophilic addition is probably the initial step of EHMC degradation.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP5466773-A	2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate		5466-77-3	Price

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