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High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Iron Overload Patients

High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Iron Overload Patients

Tomás Meroño, Leonardo Gómez, Patricia Sorroche, Laura Boero, Jorge Arbelbide, Fernando Brites

Eur J Clin Invest. 2011 May;41(5):479-86.

PMID: 21128934

Abstract:

Introduction:
Iron overload (IO) is defined as an increase in storage iron, regardless of the presence or absence of tissue damage. Whether increased iron stores are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease remains controversial.
Objectives:
To study insulin resistance markers, lipoprotein profile, activities of anti and prooxidant enzymes and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in patients with IO.
Methods:
Twenty male patients with IO were compared with 20 sex- and age-matched controls. General biochemical parameters, lipoprotein profile, and activities of paraoxonase 1, employing two substrates, paraoxon (PON) and phenylacetate (ARE), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2) ) and CETP were determined.
Results:
IO patients showed higher levels of HOMA-IR and triglycerides [median (Q1-Q3)] [128 (93-193) vs. 79(51-91) mg dL(-1) , P < 0·0005] while lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mean ± SD) (41 ± 9 vs. 52 ± 10 mg dL(-1) , P < 0·0005) in comparison with controls. Moreover, the triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol [3·2 (2·0-5·1) vs. 1·5 (1·0-1·9), P < 0·0005] ratio and oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels [94 (64-103) vs. 68 (59-70) IU L(-1) , P < 0·05] were increased in the patient group. Although no difference was observed in ARE activity, PON activity was decreased in IO patients [246 (127-410) vs. 428 (263-516) nmol mL(-1) min(-1) , P < 0·05]. In addition, CETP and Lp-PLA(2) activities were also increased in the patients (189 ± 31 vs. 155 ± 36% ml(-1) h(-1) , P < 0·005; and 10·1 ± 2·9 vs. 8·2 ± 2·4 μmol mL(-1) h(-1) , P < 0·05, respectively). Associations between ferritin concentration and the alterations in lipid metabolism were also found. Multiple regression analyses identified HOMA-IR as independent predictor of CETP activity (B = 65·9, P < 0·0001, r(2) = 0·35), as well as ferritin concentration of Lp-PLA(2) activity (B = 3·7, P < 0·0001, r(2) = 0·40) after adjusting for confounding variables.
Conclusions:
IO patients presented not only insulin resistance but also metabolic alterations that were related to elevated iron stores and are associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP33998264	Cholesteryl phenylacetate		33998-26-4	Price

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