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Immune Tolerance Induction for Laronidase Treatment in Mucopolysaccharidosis I

Immune Tolerance Induction for Laronidase Treatment in Mucopolysaccharidosis I

Roberto Giugliani, Taiane Alves Vieira, Clarissa Gutierrez Carvalho, Maria-Veronica Muñoz-Rojas, Alla N Semyachkina, Victoria Y Voinova, Susan Richards, Gerald F Cox, Yong Xue

Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2017 Jan 13;10:61-66.

PMID: 28119821

Abstract:

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can produce anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses that reduce efficacy or lead to hypersensitivity reactions. Six patients with severe mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I/Hurler syndrome) who did not receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation underwent an immunosuppression regimen prior to initiating ERT with laronidase. The primary endpoint for immune tolerance induction was the number of patients with an ADA titer ≤ 3200 after 24 weeks of laronidase at the labeled dose. Cyclosporine levels were measured weekly and doses adjusted to maintain trough levels above 400 mg/mL. A 6-week (Cohort 1) or 12-week (Cohort 2) immune tolerance induction period with cyclosporine (initial dose: 15 or 20 mg/kg/day), azathioprine (initial dose: 2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day) and low-dose laronidase infusions (0.058-0.29 mg/kg/week) was followed by an immune-challenge period with laronidase infusions at the labeled dose (0.58 mg/kg/week) for 24 weeks. Anti-laronidase IgG titers were determined following treatment. There were 147 treatment-emergent adverse events reported, most of which were mild and not related to the study treatment. While there was no evidence of immune tolerance in 3 of 3 patients in Cohort 1, there were some indications of immune tolerance induction in 2 of 3 patients in Cohort 2. Patients with lower ADA titers showed greater reductions in urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion. Routine monitoring of plasma cyclosporine parent-compound levels by high pressure liquid chromatography proved difficult for clinical practice. The evolving clinical management of MPS I and a better understanding of the clinical impact of laronidase-related immunogenicity require reassessment of immune modulation strategies in patients with MPS I receiving laronidase treatment.
Clinical trial registration:
NCT00741338.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP4531548	Azathioprine Related Compound A		4531-54-8	Price

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