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Impaired Autophagy and APP Processing in Alzheimer's Disease: The Potential Role of Beclin 1 Interactome

Impaired Autophagy and APP Processing in Alzheimer's Disease: The Potential Role of Beclin 1 Interactome

Antero Salminen, Kai Kaarniranta, Anu Kauppinen, Johanna Ojala, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Hilkka Soininen, Mikko Hiltunen

Prog Neurobiol. Jul-Aug 2013;106-107:33-54.

PMID: 23827971

Abstract:

The accumulation of amyloid-β-containing neuritic plaques and intracellular tau protein tangles are key histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This type of pathology clearly indicates that the mechanisms of neuronal housekeeping and protein quality control are compromised in AD. There is mounting evidence that the autophagosome-lysosomal degradation is impaired, which could disturb the processing of APP and provoke AD pathology. Beclin 1 is a molecular platform assembling an interactome with stimulating and suppressive components which regulate the initiation of the autophagosome formation. Recent studies have indicated that the expression Beclin 1 is reduced in AD brain. Moreover, the deficiency of Beclin 1 in cultured neurons and transgenic mice provokes the deposition of amyloid-β peptides whereas its overexpression reduces the accumulation of amyloid-β. There are several potential mechanisms, which could inhibit the function of Beclin 1 interactome and thus impair autophagy and promote AD pathology. The mechanisms include (i) reduction of Beclin 1 expression or its increased proteolytic cleavage by caspases, (ii) sequestration of Beclin 1 to non-functional locations, such as tau tangles, (iii) formation of inhibitory complexes between Beclin 1 and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins or inflammasomes, (iv) interaction of Beclin 1 with inhibitory neurovirulent proteins, e.g. herpex simplex ICP34.5, or (v) inhibition of the Beclin 1/Vps34 complex through the activation of CDK1 and CDK5. We will shortly introduce the function of Beclin 1 interactome in autophagy and phagocytosis, review the recent evidence indicating that Beclin 1 regulates autophagy and APP processing in AD, and finally examine the potential mechanisms through which Beclin 1 dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Price
IAR42412798	Neuronal Differentiation Inducer IV	Price
IAR42416324	VPS34 human	Price
IAR4248687	Transforming Growth Factor-β Soluble Receptor III human	Price

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