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Metformin Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome via AMPK/mTOR-dependent Effects in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Metformin Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome via AMPK/mTOR-dependent Effects in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Fan Yang, Ying Qin, Yueqiu Wang, Songyan Meng, Huimin Xian, Hui Che, Jie Lv, Yang Li, Yahan Yu, Yunlong Bai, Lihong Wang

Int J Biol Sci. 2019 Mar 10;15(5):1010-1019.

PMID: 31182921

Abstract:

Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug for type 2 diabetes that can play a cardioprotective role through multiple pathways. It is a recognized agonist of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that blocks mitochondrial complex I. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been demonstrated to be activated in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the role of metformin in regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway in DCM remains unclear. It has been reported that AMPK can inhibit NLRP3 by activating autophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metformin can inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway in DCM. In this study, streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6 mice and high glucose-treated primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal mice were treated with metformin or an AMPK inhibitor compound C. Echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining showed that the function and morphology of the diabetic hearts were improved after metformin treatment, whereas these parameters deteriorated after intervention with an AMPK inhibitor. Immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining and western blot assays indicated that the expression levels of mTOR, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and GSDMD-N were decreased in the diabetic model treated with metformin and were reversed after the administration of an AMPK inhibitor in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated that metformin can activate AMPK, thus improving autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR pathway and alleviating pyroptosis in DCM. Thus, we provide novel information for the treatment of DCM.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP1985462	Metformin Related Compound C		1985-46-2	Price

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