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Randomized Clinical Trial of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate for the Treatment of Mild Hyperkalemia in CKD

Randomized Clinical Trial of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate for the Treatment of Mild Hyperkalemia in CKD

Laurence Lepage, Anne-Claude Dufour, Jessica Doiron, Katia Handfield, Katherine Desforges, Robert Bell, Michel Vallée, Michel Savoie, Sylvie Perreault, Louis-Philippe Laurin, Vincent Pichette, Jean-Philippe Lafrance

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Dec 7;10(12):2136-42.

PMID: 26576619

Abstract:

Background and objectives:
Hyperkalemia affects up to 10% of patients with CKD. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate has long been prescribed for this condition, although evidence is lacking on its efficacy for the treatment of mild hyperkalemia over several days. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the treatment of mild hyperkalemia.
Design, setting, participants, & measurements:
In total, 33 outpatients with CKD and mild hyperkalemia (5.0-5.9 mEq/L) in a single teaching hospital were included in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. We randomly assigned these patients to receive either placebo or sodium polystyrene sulfonate of 30 g orally one time per day for 7 days. The primary outcome was the comparison between study groups of the mean difference of serum potassium levels between the day after the last dose of treatment and baseline.
Results:
The mean duration of treatment was 6.9 days. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate was superior to placebo in the reduction of serum potassium levels (mean difference between groups, -1.04 mEq/L; 95% confidence interval, -1.37 to -0.71). A higher proportion of patients in the sodium polystyrene sulfonate group attained normokalemia at the end of their treatment compared with those in the placebo group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (73% versus 38%; P=0.07). There was a trend toward higher rates of electrolytic disturbances and an increase in gastrointestinal side effects in the group receiving sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
Conclusions:
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate was superior to placebo in reducing serum potassium over 7 days in patients with mild hyperkalemia and CKD.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP160255061	Dimethylethylammoniumpropane sulfonate		160255-06-1	Price
AP9003536	Polystyrene		9003-53-6	Price

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