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Removal of 4-chlorobenzoic Acid From Spiked Hydroponic Solution by Willow Trees (Salix Viminalis)

Removal of 4-chlorobenzoic Acid From Spiked Hydroponic Solution by Willow Trees (Salix Viminalis)

Kamila Deavers, Tomas Macek, Ulrich G Karlson, Stefan Trapp

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2010 Aug;17(7):1355-61.

PMID: 20336492

Abstract:

Background:
Chlorobenzoic acids (CBA) are intermediate products of the aerobic microbial degradation of PCB and several pesticides. This study explores the feasibility of using basket willows, Salix viminalis, to remove 4-CBA from polluted sites, which also might stimulate PCB degradation.
Methods:
The removal of 4-CBA by willow trees was investigated with intact, septic willow trees growing in hydroponic solution and with sterile cell suspensions at concentrations of 5 mg/L and 50 mg/L 4-CBA. Nutrient solutions with different levels of ammonium and nitrate were prepared to achieve different pH levels. The concentration of 4-CBA was tracked over time and quantified by HPLC.
Results and discussion:
At the low level of 4-CBA (5 mg/L), willows removed 70% (pH 4.2) to 90% (pH 6.8), while 48% (pH 4.2) to 52% (pH 6.8) of the water was transpired. At the high 4-CBA level (50 mg/L), the pH varied between 4.4 and 4.6, and 10% to 30% of 4-CBA was removed, but only 5% to 9% of the water. In sterile cell suspensions, removal of 4-CBA by fresh biomass was much higher than removal by dead biomass.
Conclusions:
The results indicate that 4-CBA is toxic to willow trees at 50 mg/L. The removal of 4-CBA from solution is by both passive processes (uptake with water, sorption to plant tissue) and metabolic processes of the plants.
Recommendations and outlook:
Plants, such as willow trees, might assist in the degradation of PCB and their degradation products CBA.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AS2121454	Fresh water (nitrate, low level)			Price

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