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Staphylococcus Aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Damages the Skin Barrier Through an IL-1-Mediated Pathway

Staphylococcus Aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Damages the Skin Barrier Through an IL-1-Mediated Pathway

Anne M Brauweiler, Elena Goleva, Donald Y M Leung

J Invest Dermatol. 2019 Aug;139(8):1753-1761.e4.

PMID: 30779913

Abstract:

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen that may penetrate through the barrier into the epidermis and dermis of the skin. We hypothesized that the S. aureus cell wall product lipoteichoic acid (LTA) may contribute to the development of inflammation and skin barrier defects; however, the effects of LTA in vivo are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effects induced by intradermal S. aureus LTA. We found that keratinocytes in LTA-treated skin were highly proliferative, expressing 10-fold increased levels of Ki67. Furthermore, we observed that LTA caused damage to the skin barrier with substantial loss of filaggrin and loricrin expression. In addition, levels of the IL-1 family of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the neutrophil-attracting chemokines Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, were increased. Concomitantly, we observed significant numbers of neutrophils infiltrating into the epidermis. Finally, we determined that LTA-induced signals were mediated in part through IL-1, because an IL-1 receptor type 1 antagonist ameliorated the effects of LTA, blocking neutrophil recruitment and increasing the expression of skin barrier proteins. In summary, we show that S. aureus LTA alone is sufficient to promote keratinocyte proliferation, inhibit expression of epidermal barrier proteins, induce IL-1 signaling, and recruit cells involved in skin inflammation.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP56411575-C	Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus		56411-57-5	Price

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