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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Eu(III), Tb(III), Sm(III), and Dy(III) Lanthanide Chelate Nanoparticle Labels

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Eu(III), Tb(III), Sm(III), and Dy(III) Lanthanide Chelate Nanoparticle Labels

Petri Huhtinen, Mirja Kivelä, Outi Kuronen, Virve Hagren, Harri Takalo, Heikki Tenhu, Timo Lövgren, Harri Härmä

Anal Chem. 2005 Apr 15;77(8):2643-8.

PMID: 15828805

Abstract:

Preparation and characterization of europium(III), terbium(III), samarium(III), and dysprosium(III) polystyrene nanoparticle labels with lanthanide-specific fluorescence properties has been presented. Emulsion copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid was used to synthesize uniform-sized nanoparticles approximately 45 nm in diameter. Europium(III) and samarium(III) lanthanides were chelated with 2-naphthoyltrifluoroacetone and trioctylphosphine oxide to dye the spherical particles, whereas terbium(III) and dysprosium(III) chelate complexes contained a newly synthesized ligand, 4-(2,4,6-tridecyloxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. The fluorescence properties of the four lanthanides-including a wide Stokes shift, a narrow emission peak, and long fluorescence lifetime-were retained despite the incorporation into the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the nanoparticles, containing more than 1000 lanthanide chelates, were detectable at label concentrations 3 orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding soluble lanthanide chelate labels. The applicability of the labels prepared was demonstrated by a heterogeneous sandwich-type immunoassay for human prostate-specific antigen, where the lowest limits of detection of 1.6, 2.4, 10.1, and 114.2 ng/L were achieved using europium(III), terbium(III), samarium(III), and dysprosium(III) nanoparticles, respectively. The spectral and functional properties of the lanthanide-embedded polystyrene nanoparticles developed here suggest that the technology is applicable for high-sensitivity multicolor assays.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP12036418	Terbium(III) oxide		12036-41-8	Price
AP1308878	Dysprosium(III) oxide		1308-87-8	Price

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