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Systemic Administration of a Calpain Inhibitor Reduces Behavioral Deficits and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Changes After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Rat

Systemic Administration of a Calpain Inhibitor Reduces Behavioral Deficits and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Changes After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Rat

A Germanò, C Costa, S M DeFord, F F Angileri, F Arcadi, B R Pike, P Bramanti, B Bausano, X Zhao, A L Day, D K Anderson, R L Hayes

J Neurotrauma. 2002 Jul;19(7):887-96.

PMID: 12184858

Abstract:

Increases in intracellular calcium and subsequent activation of calcium-activated proteases (e.g., calpains) may play a critical role in central nervous system injury. Several studies have implicated calpain activation following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study evaluated the effect of a calpain inhibitor administration following SAH in the rat on behavioral deficits (postinjury days 1-5, employing a battery of well-characterized assessment tasks), and blood-brain barrier permeability changes (48 h post-SAH, quantifying the microvascular alterations according to the extravasation of protein-bound Evans Blue using a spectrophotofluorimetric technique). Rats were injected with 400 microl of autologous blood into the cisterna magna to induce SAH. Within 5 min after the surgical procedure, Calpain Inhibitor II or vehicle was continuously administered intravenously for 2 days. Results indicated that Calpain Inhibitor II treatment after SAH significantly improved (a) beam balance time (day 1, p < 0.05), but not beam balance score, (b) latency to traverse the beam on days 1-4 (day 1-3, p < 0.001; day 4, p < 0.01), and (c) loss in body weight on days 4-5 (p < 0.05). Evans Blue dye extravasation was significantly less in SAH Calpain Inhibitor II-treated rats compared to SAH vehicle-treated rats in seven out of the eight brain regions studied (p < 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05). These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of a relatively selective, membrane-permeant calpain inhibitor can significantly reduce some pathophysiological SAH consequences, and indicate that the inhibition of calpain may be a beneficial therapeutic approach to reduce post-SAH global brain dysfunction.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP136632321	Calpain Inhibitor II		136632-32-1	Price

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