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The Enamel Remineralization Potential of Fluoride Varnishes Containing Arginine

The Enamel Remineralization Potential of Fluoride Varnishes Containing Arginine

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle, Manikandan Ekambaram, Edward Cm Lo, Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu

J Dent. 2020 Jun 22;103411.

PMID: 32585260

Abstract:

Objectives:
To examine the effect of incorporating arginine in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its remineralization potential and HGF-1 cytotoxicity.
Methods:
Experimental varnishes were prepared using two arginine variants: L-arginine (Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride (Arg.HCl) at 2%, 4%, & 8% w/v. with control 5% NaF varnish. Sound enamel specimens with varnish treatments were subjected to a 4-day demineralization assay and surface roughness analysis using AFM (n = 3). Enamel specimens with artificial incipient caries-like lesions were subjected to a remineralization assay (n = 6) and an 8-day pH-cycling (n = 3). For remineralization assay, enamel F/Arg-uptake and Ca/PO43-i-content were estimated. During pH-cycling, EDX mapping for Ca/F-content and mineral density using micro-CT were assessed. The HGF-1 cytotoxicity of the varnishes was examined using MTT/CCK-8 assay.
Results:
The Ca-content/F-uptake of the 2% Arg-NaF varnish treated specimens were significantly higher than other varnishes (p < 0.05). The 2% Arg-NaF had significantly higher remineralization potential than NaF (p < 0.001), suggesting Arg-Ca-F complex formation post-varnish application. The 8% Arg-NaF exhibited significantly more pronounced cytotoxicity to HGF-1 cells than 2% Arg-NaF (p < 0.001) and NaF varnish.
Conclusions:
Incorporation of 2% Arg in NaF varnish enhanced the enamel remineralization potential of NaF varnish; while 8% Arg in NaF varnish was cytotoxic to HGF-1.
Clinical significance:
A professionally deliverable L-arginine-enriched NaF varnish for caries prevention addresses a global public health priority. The synergism between L-arginine and NaF varnish counters the limited antimicrobial effects of fluorides and supports acquisition of a balanced oral microbiome. The combined arginine-fluoride varnish will provide the much-needed ecological-based approach for caries prevention.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP1119342-A	L-Arginine monohydrochloride		1119-34-2	Price

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