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Toxicokinetics of Urinary 2-ethylhexyl Salicylate and Its Metabolite 2-ethyl-hydroxyhexyl Salicylate in Humans After Simulating Real-Life Dermal Sunscreen Exposure

Toxicokinetics of Urinary 2-ethylhexyl Salicylate and Its Metabolite 2-ethyl-hydroxyhexyl Salicylate in Humans After Simulating Real-Life Dermal Sunscreen Exposure

Julia Hiller, Katrin Klotz, Sebastian Meyer, Wolfgang Uter, Kerstin Hof, Annette Greiner, Thomas Göen, Hans Drexler

Arch Toxicol. 2019 Sep;93(9):2565-2574.

PMID: 31435713

Abstract:

Chemical UV filters are common components in sunscreens and cosmetic products. The question of adverse health risks is not completely resolved, partly owing to lacking human data from dermal exposure, which are essential for sound risk assessment. Therefore, we investigated the urinary toxicokinetics of 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) after a 1-day dermal real-life sunscreen application scenario. Twenty human volunteers were dermally exposed to a commercial sunscreen for 9 h under real-life conditions (2 mg/cm2 body surface area; double re-application; corresponding to 3.8 g EHS). Urine samples were analyzed for EHS and one of its specific metabolites 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl salicylate (5OH-EHS) using a two-dimensional liquid chromatographic electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometric procedure. EHS and 5OH-EHS were excreted after sunscreen application and reached up to 525 µg/g and 213 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The toxicokinetic models showed concentration peaks between 7 and 8 h after first application. First-phase terminal half-lives were 8-9 h. For 5OH-EHS, a second-phase terminal half-life could be determined (87 h). EHS and 5OH-EHS showed a faster elimination with 70-80% of the overall excretion occurring within 24 h after application compared to more lipophilic UV filters. Cumulative excreted amounts over 24 h reached up to 334 µg EHS and 124 µg of 5OH-EHS. Simulated real-life sunscreen use for 1 day leads to the bioavailability of the UV filter EHS in humans. The kinetic profiles with a prolonged systemic availability indicate a skin depot and make accumulation during consecutive multi-day exposure likely.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP118605-A	2-Ethylhexyl salicylate		118-60-5	Price

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