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Trans-vaccenate Is Δ13-desaturated by FADS3 in Rodents

Trans-vaccenate Is Δ13-desaturated by FADS3 in Rodents

Vincent Rioux, Frédérique Pédrono, Hélène Blanchard, Cécile Duby, Nathalie Boulier-Monthéan, Laurence Bernard, Erwan Beauchamp, Daniel Catheline, Philippe Legrand

J Lipid Res. 2013 Dec;54(12):3438-52.

PMID: 24070791

Abstract:

Fatty acid desaturases play critical roles in regulating the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in all biological kingdoms. As opposed to plants, mammals are so far characterized by the absence of desaturases introducing additional double bonds at the methyl-end site of fatty acids. However, the function of the mammalian fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) gene remains unknown. This gene is located within the FADS cluster and presents a high nucleotide sequence homology with FADS1 (Δ5-desaturase) and FADS2 (Δ6-desaturase). Here, we show that rat FADS3 displays no common Δ5-, Δ6- or Δ9-desaturase activity but is able to catalyze the unexpected Δ13-desaturation of trans-vaccenate. Although there is no standard for complete conclusive identification, structural characterization strongly suggests that the Δ11,13-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) produced by FADS3 from trans-vaccenate is the trans11,cis13-CLA isomer. In rat hepatocytes, knockdown of FADS3 expression specifically reduces trans-vaccenate Δ13-desaturation. Evidence is presented that FADS3 is the first "methyl-end" fatty acid desaturase functionally characterized in mammals.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP6198589	Methyl trans-vaccenate		6198-58-9	Price

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