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UV and Solar Photo-Degradation of Naproxen: TiO₂ Catalyst Effect, Reaction Kinetics, Products Identification and Toxicity Assessment

UV and Solar Photo-Degradation of Naproxen: TiO₂ Catalyst Effect, Reaction Kinetics, Products Identification and Toxicity Assessment

Nabil Jallouli, Kais Elghniji, Olfa Hentati, Ana R Ribeiro, Adrián M T Silva, Mohamed Ksibi

J Hazard Mater. 2016 Mar 5;304:329-36.

PMID: 26571001

Abstract:

Direct photolysis and TiO2-photocatalytic degradation of naproxen (NPX) in aqueous solution were studied using a UV lamp and solar irradiation. The degradation of NPX was found to be in accordance with pseudo-first order kinetics, the photocatalytic process being more efficient than photolysis. The NPX removal by photolysis (pHinitial 6.5) was 83% after 3h, with 11% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, whereas the TiO2-UV process led to higher removals of both NPX (98%) and COD (25%). The apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant (kapp) for NPX degradation by photolysis ranged from 0.0050 min(-1) at pH 3.5 to 0.0095 min(-1) at pH 6.5, while it was estimated to be 0.0063 min(-1) under acidic conditions in photocatalysis, increasing by 4-fold at pH 6.5. Ultra High Performance Liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a triple quadrupole detector and also a hybrid mass spectrometer which combines the linear ion trap triple quadrupole (LTQ) and OrbiTrap mass analyser, were used to identify NPX degradation products. The main intermediates detected were 1-(6-methoxynaphtalene-2-yl) ethylhydroperoxide, 2-ethyl-6-methoxynaphthalene, 1-(6-methoxynaphtalen-2-yl) ethanol, 1-(6-methoxynaphtalen-2-yl) ethanone and malic acid. Solar photocatalysis of NPX showed COD removals of 33% and 65% after 3 and 4h of treatment, respectively, and some reduction of acute toxicity, evaluated by the exposure of Eisenia andrei to OECD soils spiked with NPX-treated solutions.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP21388170	2-Ethyl-6-methoxynaphthalene		21388-17-0	Price

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