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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) - Key Factor in Normal and Pathological Angiogenesis

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) - Key Factor in Normal and Pathological Angiogenesis

Carmen Stanca Melincovici, Adina Bianca Boşca, Sergiu Şuşman, Mariana Mărginean, Carina Mihu, Mihnea Istrate, Ioana Maria Moldovan, Alexandra Livia Roman, Carmen Mihaela Mihu

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2018;59(2):455-467.

PMID: 30173249

Abstract:

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents a growth factor with important pro-angiogenic activity, having a mitogenic and an anti-apoptotic effect on endothelial cells, increasing the vascular permeability, promoting cell migration, etc. Due to these effects, it actively contributes in regulating the normal and pathological angiogenic processes. In humans, the VEGF family is composed of several members: VEGF-A (which has different isoforms), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E (viral VEGF), VEGF-F (snake venom VEGF), placenta growth factor (PlGF), and, recently, to this family has been added endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF). VEGF binds to tyrosine kinase cell receptors (VEGFRs): VEGFR-1 [Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1)], VEGFR-2 [kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) in human; fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1) in mouse] and VEGFR-3 [Fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 (Flt-4)]. While VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are expressed predominantly on vascular endothelial cells, VEGFR-3 is expressed especially on lymphatic endothelial cells. VEGFR-2 has the strongest pro-angiogenic activity and a higher tyrosine kinase activity than VEGFR-1. Endothelial cells also express co-receptors, such as neuropilin-1 (NP-1) and neuropilin-2 (NP-2), which modulate tyrosine kinase receptor activity. Both VEGF and VEGFRs are expressed not only on endothelial cells, but also on non-endothelial cells. This article aims to highlight the most recent data referring to the VEGF family and its receptors, as well as its implications in the angiogenesis process. At present, blocking angiogenesis in cancer or in other pathological processes, using anti-VEGF and anti-VEGFRs therapies, is considered to be extremely important.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Price
IAR42413764	EG-VEGF human	Price
IAR42413771	VEGF-D human	Price
IAR42413780	PLGF from mouse	Price
IAR4249531	NP-1 human	Price

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