Home
Resources
Publications
X-linked Carriers of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Illness, Lyonization, and Stability

X-linked Carriers of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Illness, Lyonization, and Stability

Beatriz E Marciano, Christa S Zerbe, E Liana Falcone, Li Ding, Suk See DeRavin, Janine Daub, Samantha Kreuzburg, Lynne Yockey, Sally Hunsberger, Ladan Foruraghi, Lisa A Barnhart, Kabir Matharu, Victoria Anderson, etc.

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Jan;141(1):365-371.

PMID: 28528201

Abstract:

Background:
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and aberrant inflammation. Mutations in CYBB cause X-linked CGD and account for 65% to 70% of cases in Western countries.
Objective:
We sought to understand the clinical manifestations associated with the X-linked CGD carrier state.
Methods:
We undertook a comprehensive retrospective study of 162 affected female subjects. We examined dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) oxidation data for percentage of X-chromosome inactivation. We correlated lyonization (%DHR+) with clinical features. Where possible, we followed %DHR+ values over time.
Results:
Clinical data were available for 93 female subjects: %DHR+ values were 46% (mean) and 47% (median; SD, 24). Using the %DHR+ value as the criterion for X inactivation, 78% of patients had levels of inactivation of 20% to 80%, suggesting random inactivation that was independent of age. In contrast, carriers with CGD-type infections had median %DHR+ values of 8% (n = 14; range, 0.06% to 48%), and those with only autoimmune or inflammatory manifestations had median %DHR+ values of 39% (n = 31; range, 7.4% to 74%). Those with both infections and autoimmunity had low %DHR+ values (n = 6; range, 3% to 14%). A %DHR+ value of less than 10% was strongly associated with infections (odds ratio, 99). Strong association persisted when %DHR+ values were less than 20% (odds ratio, 12). Autoimmunity was not associated with %DHR+ values. In 2 sets of identical twins, the %DHR+ populations tracked closely over time. Although the %DHR+ populations were very similar between sisters, those between mothers and daughters were unrelated.
Conclusions:
A low %DHR+ value strongly predicts infection risk in X-linked CGD carriers, and the carrier state itself is associated with autoimmunity.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP109244588-A	Dihydrorhodamine 123		109244-58-8	Price

As a specialist in analytical chemical Products, Alfa Chemistry offers consumers a wealth of raw materials and a full range of technologies and services.

QUICK LINKS

HEADQUARTERS

Tel:

Fax:

Email: