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Lithocholic Acid, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Increases Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer

Lithocholic Acid, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Increases Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer

Patrik Kovács, Tamás Csonka, Tünde Kovács, Zsanett Sári, Gyula Ujlaki, Adrien Sipos, Zsolt Karányi, Dóra Szeőcs, Csaba Hegedűs, Karen Uray, Laura Jankó, Máté Kiss, Borbála Kiss, Damya Laoui, László Virág, etc.

Cancers (Basel). 2019 Aug 27;11(9):1255.

PMID: 31461945

Abstract:

In breast cancer patients, the diversity of the microbiome decreases, coinciding with decreased production of cytostatic bacterial metabolites like lithocholic acid (LCA). We hypothesized that LCA can modulate oxidative stress to exert cytostatic effects in breast cancer cells. Treatment of breast cancer cells with LCA decreased nuclear factor-2 (NRF2) expression and increased Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (KEAP1) expression via activation of Takeda G-protein coupled receptor (TGR5) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Altered NRF2 and KEAP1 expression subsequently led to decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), an antioxidant enzyme, and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The imbalance between the pro- and antioxidant enzymes increased cytostatic effects via increased levels of lipid and protein oxidation. These effects were reversed by the pharmacological induction of NRF2 with RA839, tBHQ, or by thiol antioxidants. The expression of key components of the LCA-elicited cytostatic pathway (iNOS and 4HNE) gradually decreased as the breast cancer stage advanced. The level of lipid peroxidation in tumors negatively correlated with the mitotic index. The overexpression of iNOS, nNOS, CAR, KEAP1, NOX4, and TGR5 or the downregulation of NRF2 correlated with better survival in breast cancer patients, except for triple negative cases. Taken together, LCA, a metabolite of the gut microbiome, elicits oxidative stress that slows down the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The LCA-oxidative stress protective pathway is lost as breast cancer progresses, and the loss correlates with poor prognosis.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP434139-A	Lithocholic acid		434-13-9	Price

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