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Mechanisms of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Prevention

Mechanisms of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity and Prevention

Leonard P Rybak, Debashree Mukherjea, Vickram Ramkumar

Semin Hear. 2019 May;40(2):197-204.

PMID: 31036996

Abstract:

Cisplatin is a highly effective antineoplastic agent used to treat solid tumors. Unfortunately, the administration of this drug leads to significant side effects, including ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review addresses the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and various strategies tested to prevent this distressing adverse effect. The molecular pathways underlying cisplatin ototoxicity are still being investigated. Cisplatin enters targeted cells in the cochlea through the action of several transporters. Once it enters the cochlea, cisplatin is retained for months to years. It can cause DNA damage, inhibit protein synthesis, and generate reactive oxygen species that can lead to inflammation and apoptosis of outer hair cells, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Strategies to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity have utilized antioxidants, transport inhibitors, G-protein receptor agonists, and anti-inflammatory agents. There are no FDA-approved drugs to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity. It is critical that potential protective agents do not interfere with the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin.

Chemicals Related in the Paper:

Catalog Number	Product Name	Structure	CAS Number	Price
AP15663271-A	Cisplatin		15663-27-1	Price

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