CAS 10049-07-7 Rhodium(III) chloride - Analytical Products / Alfa Chemistry

CAT	AP10049077
CAS	10049-07-7
Structure
MDL Number	MFCD00011204
Molecular Weight	209.26
EC Number	233-165-4
InChI Key	SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K

Description	98%
Assay	98%
Form	crystalline
Linear Formula	RhCl3
Size	500MG, 2.5G

The Hybrids of Polystyrene-block-Poly(ethylene Oxide) Micelles and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solutions: Interaction With Rh Ions and Rh Nanoparticle Formation

LM Bronstein, DM Chernyshov, GI Timofeeva, LV Dubrovina, PM Valetsky, AR Khokhlov

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2000 Oct 1;230(1):140-149.

PMID: 10998298

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Case Study

Rhodium(III) Chloride Used for the Catalytic [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes to Synthesize Multi-Substituted Benzenes

Yoshida, Kenta, et al. Tetrahedron 64.24 (2008): 5800-5807.

Rhodium(III) chloride trihydrate (RhCl₃·3H₂O) serves as a highly effective catalyst in the regioselective [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of internal alkynes, enabling the efficient synthesis of tri- and hexa-substituted benzene derivatives. In a representative procedure, RhCl₃·3H₂O (10 mg, 0.04 mmol) was suspended in toluene (3.0 mL), followed by the addition of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (i-Pr₂NEt, 26 μL, 0.15 mmol) and ethyl phenylpropiolate (87 mg, 0.50 mmol) as the alkyne substrate. The reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 24 hours.
Upon cooling to room temperature, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc 5:1). This yielded 1,2,4-triethoxycarbonyl-3,5,6-triphenylbenzene in 91% yield (79 mg) as a colorless solid.
This RhCl₃·3H₂O/i-Pr₂NEt catalytic system demonstrates broad functional group compatibility and high efficiency across a variety of alkyne substrates, including diynes, affording substituted aromatic compounds in moderate to excellent yields. Its application underscores RhCl₃·3H₂O's pivotal role in metal-catalyzed aromatic ring construction via alkyne cycloaddition.

Rhodium(III) Chloride Used for the Doping of p-Type Graphene in Field-Effect Transistor Applications

Jang, Chan Wook, et al. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 621 (2015): 1-6.

Rhodium(III) chloride (RhCl₃) has been employed as an effective p-type dopant to enhance the electronic properties of graphene for graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) applications. In this study, monolayer graphene was synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on 70 μm-thick Cu foils. A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) support layer was spin-coated, and the Cu substrate was etched using 0.1 M ammonium persulfate solution. The PMMA/graphene stack was then transferred to a target substrate, bonded at 180 °C for 2 h, and cleaned with acetone and DI water. A post-transfer annealing at 400 °C under vacuum was performed to remove PMMA residues.
GFETs were fabricated by photolithography, with Cr/Au (5/30 nm) electrodes deposited via electron beam evaporation. Graphene channels were defined using O₂ plasma etching, followed by thermal annealing at 250 °C in N₂ atmosphere.
For doping, RhCl₃ was dissolved in methyl alcohol at varying concentrations (5-50 mM), and 200 μL of solution was spin-coated onto the graphene at 2500 rpm for 1 min. Among tested dopants, RhCl₃ provided the most stable sheet resistance over time and showed strong modulation of the Dirac point and work function without significantly compromising transmittance or hole mobility, making it an optimal choice for high-performance, stable graphene-based electronic devices.

Rhodium(III) Chloride Used for the Phosphorylation of Disulfides with Hypodiphosphoric Acid Tetraalkyl Esters in Aqueous Media

Arisawa, Mieko, Kohei Fukumoto, and Masahiko Yamaguchi. RSC advances 10.23 (2020): 13820-13823.

Rhodium(III) chloride trihydrate (RhCl₃·3H₂O) demonstrates unique catalytic activity in promoting the exchange reaction between disulfides and hypodiphosphoric acid tetraalkyl esters under homogeneous aqueous conditions. This methodology establishes hypodiphosphoric acid tetraalkyl esters as effective water-compatible phosphorylation reagents.
In a representative reaction, di(3-hydroxypropyl)disulfide was treated with diethyl hypodiphosphate (1.0 equiv.) in the presence of RhCl₃·3H₂O (10 mol%) at 25 °C for 36 hours in water. The targeted product, O,O-diethyl S-(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphorothioate, was obtained in 52% yield alongside by-products such as diethyl phosphate and diethyl phosphite, resulting from side reactions with water. Increasing the catalyst loading to 25 mol% improved the yield to 66%.
The phosphorylation reaction displayed notable pH tolerance (pH 3 to 10), with minimal variation in product yield. Temperature increases, however, negatively impacted efficiency, suggesting RhCl₃·3H₂O operates optimally under mild conditions. Control experiments revealed that the reaction does not proceed without RhCl₃·3H₂O and that alternative rhodium or palladium complexes offered negligible catalytic activity.
This study underscores the critical role of RhCl₃·3H₂O in selective sulfur phosphorylation reactions and its value in aqueous-phase organophosphorus chemistry, including applications to biomolecules like unprotected glutathione disulfide.